Solar System Quiz #1

Roadrunner's Dance Quiz #1

Earth and Sun Quiz #1

Changes Caused by Weather Quiz #1

Ben Franklin Stole the Lightning Quiz #1

Stars and Constellations

• star-sphere of hot gasses gives off light and heat
• only star you can see in daytime is the sun
• sun is average size star, closest star to earth

 

• cooler stars are red or orange, hotter stars are white or blue
• sun is 5 billion years old
• light year-distance light travels in 1 year (10 trillion km)
• a star you see today may have stopped glowing many years ago, but the light is still traveling to earth
• galaxies-stars found in large groups
• our galaxy is the Milky Way

 

• many galaxies may be undiscovered
• our closest neighbor galaxy is Andromeda
• constellation-group of stars that make a pattern in the sky
• some stars and constellations only appear in the northern or southern hemisphere of earth, it depends on where you look at the constellation from on earth
• as the earth travel in it's orbit, you see different constellations
• before clocks and satellites, farmers used the stars to tell seasons
• the north star is always in the northern sky
• an observatory is a place you can go to watch and study stars
• sun is made of layers also 
• much of the suns energy is released as heat and light
• producers use the sun's energy to make food for themselves and consumers
• sun's heat makes water evaporate (turn into gas or vapor)
• sun drives winds, ocean currents, storms
• sun's light and energy can cause damage to the eyes and skin, even on cloudy days

The Solar System

• The Moon is a satellite, an object that moves in an orbit around a large object
• The Sun has many satellites
• Sun and all objects in it's orbit make up the solar system, the center is the sun

 

• Planets-round objects in space that are satellites of the sun, 8 planets, smaller and cooler than stars, reflect the light of Sun
• Planets circle the sun in an ellipse, flattened circle or oval
• Gravity-attraction between objects
• Inertia-object wants to keep moving in a straight line
• Lenses-curved pieces of glass that are used to see far away
• Telescopes-make far away objects seem closer
• NASA-National Aeronautic and Space Administration, 1960's launched rockets that took astronauts into space

 

• Probe-machine with no people that explores outer space
• Rocky Planets-mostly rock, cores of iron (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars)

 

 

• Mercury-closest to sun, very hot, little water and air, many craters, smallest rocky planet, no moon
• Venus-second closest to sun, thick CO2 atmosphere does not allow heat to escape, very hot, volcanoes, no moon
• Earth-oxygen, liquid water, atmosphere good for life, only planet with life
• Mars-most like Earth, 2 moons, thin atmosphere, inactive volcanoes, frozen ice caps at poles
• Gas giants-planets made mostly of gasses, not solid surfaces, mostly hydrogen and helium, may have rock or ice at core, have rings and many moons

 

 

• Jupiter-largest planet, 63 moons, winds in atmosphere blow in opposite directions, giant "red storm" for 300 years
• Saturn-2nd largest planet, large rings of ice and rock, 34 moons
• Uranus-rotates on it's side, 27 moons, atmosphere gasses give unusual color
• Neptune-winds of 2000km/hr, 13 moons, volcanoes
• Dwarf Planets-small, rock and ice, cross orbits of other planets, pluto
• Comet-mostly ice mixed with rocvk and dust, heats up quickly next to sun leaving a trail of gas and dust

 

• Asteroids-large chunks of rock and metal in space, most betwen Mars and Jupiter

 

• Meteoroids-Asteroids collide and break off into smaller pieces.  
• Meteor-when a meteoroid enters Earth's atmosphere
• Meteorite-meteor crashes to Earth's surface

Earth and Moon

• The moon does not make it's own light, it reflects the light of the sun
• The moon is Earth's closets neighbor
• Earth and Moon rocks are similar
• Moon has no air or atmosphere
• Moon has extreme temperatures that make it impossible to live
• There are a few tall mountains and flat plains, but mostly craters

 

• Crater-like a hole in the ground
• meteoroids are large rocks that travel through space, when they crash into a planet they can form craters
• Earth's atmosphere burns up most meteoroids before they hit Earth

 

• The Moon revolves around Earth
• Moon's orbit around Earth takes 29 days (1 month)

 

• Early calendars were based on motion of the Moon
• Apparent shapes of the Moon in the sky are called phases

 

 

• Moon has gravity that pulls on Earth, when the Earth faces the Moon, the land and water are pulled a little by the Moon's gravity
• The Moon has more pull on the Earth because it is closer than the sun
• Moon pulls on water to make tides (water rises higher or lower)
• Eclipse-shadow cast by earth or moon
• Lunar eclipse-Earth casts a shadow on the moon

 

• Solar Eclipse-Moon casts a shadow on Earth

 

• Only a lunar eclipse is safe to watch

Earth and Sun

• Earth moves around the sun
• Rotation-spinning
• axis-real or imaginary line an object spins around
• Earth completes 1 rotation every day (24 hrs)

 

• During the day Earth faces the sun (where you live)
• At night, where you live faces away from the sun
• Apparent Motion-the way something appears to move, not how it actually happens (the sun appears to rise in the East and set in the West) this is not real motion
• Stars do not move, planets and moons may appear to move differently than they actually are
• Shadow is formed when light strikes an object but does not pass through
• Shadows change with the position of the sun (shadows are shorter when the sun is high in the sky, longer when the sun is low in the sky)

 

• Revolution-object travels around another
• path a revolving object takes is an orbit
• Earth's orbit is like an ellipse (flattened circle) takes 365 days (1yr) to complete
• The tilt of the axis of Earth (23.5) does not change
• hemisphere (hemi=half, sphere=ball) 
• Seasons come from the tilt of the axis and revolution around the sun
• If sunlight hits a part of the earth more directly than other parts, it is summer
• If sunlight does not hit the earth directly, it is winter

 

• At the equator, the suns path in the sky, and temperatures change little
• At the poles, the sun's path changes greatly, as do the temperatures
• The sun changes apparent paths change in the same pattern every year, which helps scientists make predictions about the rising and setting times of the sun

Changes Caused by Weather

• A flood is when water flows onto land that is normally dry
• This can come from heavy rains or snow that melts too fast
• Floods can carry mud and sweep away anything in it's path

 

• Floods help take new soil to the land
• Many fires are caused by lightning

 

• Most places recover from natural fires
• To keep the land safe, do not play with matches or light fires in dry places
• A tornado is a strong column of spinning wind

 

• They can destroy everything in their path
•  (narrow path)
• The Great Plains in the USA are called the "Tornado Alley" because there are many many Tornadoes
• A Hurricane is a large powerful swirling storm
• They have strong winds and heavy rains
• Hurricanes form over warm oceans and cause heavy flooding and destruction

 

 

• High temperatures are causing more hurricanes
• Gravity and heavy rains can cause landslides (rocks and soil move very fast downhill)
• An avalanche is like a landslide made of snow and ice

 

My Brother Martin

• Brother Martin and Christine were born in the same room
• They lived in a house that belonged to their grandparents, the reverend (priest) and Mrs. A.D. Williams
• They lived there with them and Aunt Ida
• Grandmother always took care of the children
• She would read to them about many places around the world
• Christine and her brothers likes to play and play pranks on people
• M.L liked music and sometimes traveled with mother to play music
• They lived in Sweet Auburn, Atlanta Georgia
• There were unfair laws that kept black people from doing certain things
• The kids all played together, white and black
• One day, ML and AD go to play with their friends, but their friends say that they can't play anymore because they can't play with negroes (black people)
• Segregation was a mean rule that kept black people away from white people, it also gave black people less rights than white people.
• Daddy was a minister at a Baptist church, and he did not like segregation
• One day a shoe salesman would only serve the black people hidden away from white people, so Daddy took them somewhere else to buy shoes
• ML grows up to be Martin Luther King, a famous African American speaker. He fought for equal rights of black people and white people.

Roadrunner's Dance

• In the beginning, a snake scares a family and says that he is "king of the road" and that no one can cross without his permission
• The village elders (wise people) gather to decide what to do about the big snake, he is stopping people from visiting neighbors and going places
• Desert Woman has a solution
• She rode on a summer cloud to the snake, and placed a rattle on his tail
• This way whenever he was going to strike, everyone could hear him rattle first
• The snake became a rattlesnake and became even more mean
• Desert woman gathers clay from Sacred Mountain and made a body
• Deer brought branches for legs
• Raven gave long black feathers for a tail
• Eagle gave strong feathers
• Heron gave a long reed for a beak
• Desert woman made the new animal and called him roadrunner
• Then she breathed life into the clay
• Desert Woman told roadrunner to dance around rattlesnake and peck at his tail to teach him he is not king of the road
• Roadrunner had to practice his running and dancing tricks
• Roadrunner and rattlesnake fight, rattlesnake loses
• He is no longer king of the road
• Everyone was happy and free to come and go without fear of rattlesnake

Dear Mr. Winston

• Cara has to write an apology letter for bringing a snake into the library
• Her parents make her write the letter
• The letter needs to be genuine, meaning it needs to be honest and meaningful
• Cara brought the snake into the library in a cardboard box
• She was trying to find out what kind of snake it was by looking for pictures in the library
• She wanted to use the big green reference book that could not leave the library
• Cara sends flowers to the librarian who got taken away in the ambulance
• She apologizes many times
• She bought the snake with one month's allowance (saved money)
• The librarian wanted to see what was in the box
• Cara does not think it was poisonous
• The librarian opened the box, saw the snake, screamed, and fainted.  When he fainted his whole body went into a rash, and the snake slithered over and touched him